Chapter 4 ;- Structure of Atom
Questions and answer
1 Draw a sketch of Bohr’s model of an atom with three shells.
Answer:
Answer: On using any metal foil, the observations of the Rutherford alpha-particle scattering experiment would remain the same because all atoms of element would have same structure
Name of element | Atomic number | No. of electron | K (1) | L (2) | M (3) |
CARBON (C) | 6 | 6 | 2 | 4 |
|
SODIUM (Na) | 11 | 11 | 2 | 8 | 1 |
6 If K and L shells of an atom are full, then what would be the total number of electrons in the atom?
Than Name of element is Neon (Ne)
Answer:
Name of element | Symbol | Atomic number | K First shell | L second shell | M Third shell | No . of valency electron | VALENCY |
chlorine | Cl | 17 | 2 | 8 | 7 | 7 | -1 |
sulpher | S | 16 | 2 | 8 | 6 | 6 | -2 |
manesium | Mg | 12 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 2 | +2 |
8 If number of electrons in an atom is 8 and number of protons is also 8, then
(i) What is the atomic number of the atom? and
(ii) What is the charge on the atom?
Answer :- Atomic number equal to no. of proton or no. of electron
according to question no of electron 8
therefor (1) atomic number of the atom 8
(2) no of electron (8) equal to no of proton (8) than atom always neutral
9 With the help of given Table 4.1, find out the mass number of oxygen and sulphur atom.
ELEMENT | SYMBOL | NO. OF ELECTRON | NO. OF PROTON | NO OF NEUTRON | K | L | M | Valency electron | VALENCY |
HYDROGEN | H | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
|
|
| 1 |
OXYGEN | O | 8 | 8 | 8 | 2 | 6 |
|
| 2 |
SULPHER | S | 16 | 16 | 16 | 2 | 8 | 6 |
| 2,4,6 |
ANSWER :- atomic mass of oxygen
atomic mass = no of electron + no of neutron or
atomic mass = number of proton + no of neutron
atomic mass = 8 + 8 = 16
atomic mass of sulpher
atomic mass = no of electron + no of neutron or
atomic mass = number of proton + no of neutron
atomic mass = 16 + 16 = 32
Name of atom | symbol | Atomic no | Atomic mass | No .of electron | No .of proton | No.of neutron | remark |
protIum | H | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | ISOTOPES |
deuterium | D | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | OF |
tritium | T | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | HYDROGEN |
11 :- Write the electronic configuration of any one pair of isotopes and isobar.
12 Compare the properties of electrons, protons and neutronsANSWER
SL NO
ELECTRON
PROTON
NEUTRON
1
negative charged particle
positive charged particle
no charge
2
neglible mass
mass = 1amu
mass = 1 amu
3
Attracted towards + ve charge
Attracted toward – ve charge
Its neutral
4
Electron revolve around nucleus
Proton present in side nucleus with neutron
Neutron present in side nucleus with proton
SL NO | ELECTRON | PROTON | NEUTRON |
1 | negative charged particle | positive charged particle | no charge |
2 | neglible mass | mass = 1amu | mass = 1 amu |
3 | Attracted towards + ve charge | Attracted toward – ve charge | Its neutral |
4 | Electron revolve around nucleus | Proton present in side nucleus with neutron | Neutron present in side nucleus with proton |
Answer: According to J.J. Thomson’s model that whole atom is positive , the electrons are embedded all over in the positively charged spheres. But according Rutherford experiments and other scientist suggest that protons are present only in the center of the atom and electrons are distributed around it.
Answer: According to Rutherford’s model of an atom the electrons are revolving in a circular orbit around the nucleus. Any such particle that revolves would undergo acceleration and radiate energy. The revolving electron would lose its energy and finally fall into the nucleus, the atom would be highly unstable. But we know that atoms are quite stable.
15 Describe Bohr’s model of the atom.
Answer: Bohr model, description of the structure of atoms proposed in 1913 by the Danish physicist Niels Bohr
Main postulates are:-
(1) Nucleus in the centre of the atom
(2) Electrons revolve around the nucleus in certain energy level.
(3) Certain special energy level known as discrete orbits of electrons
(5) These orbits or shells are called energy levels.
(6) These orbits or shells are represented by the letters K, L, M, N or the numbers n = 1, 2, 3, 4
16 Summaries the rules for writing of distribution of electrons in various shells for the first eighteen elements.
Answer: The rules for writing of distribution of electrons in various energy level (orbital) for the first eighteen elements are:(i) The maximum number of electrons present in a shell is given by the formula
∵ n = orbit number i.e., 1, 2, 3
∵ Maximum number of electrons in different shells are:
K shell n = 1 2n2 => 2(1)2 = 2
L shell n = 2 2n2 => 2(2)2 = 8
M shell n = 3 2n2 => 2(3)2 = 18
N shell n = 4 2n2 => 2(4)2 = 32
(ii) The maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in the outermost orbit is 8.
(iii) Electrons are not accommodated in a given shell unless the inner shells are filled. (Shells are filled step-wise).
17 Define valency by taking examples of silicon and oxygen.
Answer: Valency is the bonding capacity of an isolated atom.
Atomic number of oxygen = 8 AND Atomic number of silicon = 14 K L M
Electronic configuration of oxygen = 2 6 –
Electronic configuration of silicon =2 8 4
Name of atom | symbol | Atomic number | K | L | M | Valency | Example |
OXYGEN | O | 8 | 2 | 6 |
| -2 | H2O |
SILICON | Si | 14 | 2 | 8 | 4 | 4 | SiH4 |
Hence, the combining capacity of oxygen is 2 and of silicon is 4.
i.e., Valency of oxygen = 2
Valency of silicon = 4
Answer: Sodium atom (Na), has atomic number =11
No of protons =11
No of electrons = 11
Electronic configuration of Na = K L M = 2 8 1
Sodium atom (Na) looses 1 electron to become stable and form Na+ ion. Hence it has completely filled K and L shells.
Answer:
Answer : - Z( Atomic number ) = 3,
Electronic configuration = 2, 1
Valency = 1
Name of the element is lithium.
Composition of the nuclei of two atomic species X and Y are given as under
Atomic species | proton | neutron |
X | 6 | 6 |
Y | 6 | 8 |
Give the mass number of X and Y. What is the relation between the two species?
Answer: Mass number of X atom = Protons + Neutrons
= 6 + 6 = 12
Mass number of Y atom = Protons + Neutrons = 6 + 8 = 14
As the atomic number is same i.e., = 6.
[atomic number = number of protons].
Both X and Y are isotopes of same element.
Atomic no | Atomic mass | No of neutron | No. of proton | No . of electron | Name of atom |
9 |
| 10 | - | - |
|
16 | 32 | - | - | - | sulpher |
- | 24 | - | 12 | - |
|
- | 2 | - | 1 | - |
|
- | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
|
Atomic no | Atomic mass | No of neutron | No. of proton | No . of electron | Name of atom |
9 | 19 | 10 | 9 | 9 | Fluorine |
16 | 32 | - | - | - | sulpher |
12 | 24 | 12 | 12 | 12 | magnesium |
1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | deutirium |
1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Hydrogen ion |
Chapter 4 ;- Structure of Atom
(a) J.J. Thomson proposed that the nucleus of an atom contains only nucleons.
(b) A neutron is formed by an electron and a proton combining together. Therefore,it is neutral.
(c) The mass of an electron is about 1/1836 times that of proton.
(d) An isotope of iodine is used for making tincture iodine, which is used as a medicine.
Answer: (a) FALSE
b) false
c) true
d) true
Question 2. Explain with examples:
(i) Atomic number (ii) Mass number,
(iii) Isotopes and (iv) Isobars.
Answer:
(ii) Mass number: The mass number of an atom is equal to the number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus.
Nucleons = number of protons + number of neutrons Example: Protons + Neutrons = Nucleus = Mass number 7 + 7 = 14
(iii) Isotopes:- Isotopes are atoms of the same element which have different mass number but same atomic number.
(iv) Isobars :- Isobars are atoms having the same mass number but different atomic numbers.
Question 3 What are canal rays?
When an electron is removed from a hydrogen atom, a proton remains. Goldstein observed rays travelling in the opposite direction of the cathode rays in a cathode ray tube. He demonstrated that these rays were positive particles and called the canal rays
Question 4. If an atom contains one electron and one proton, will it carry any charge or not?
Answer: The Hydrogen atom will be electrically neutral as one – ve charge balances one + ve charge
Question 5. On the basis of Thomson’s model of an atom, explain how the atom is neutral as a whole.
Answer: According to Thomson’s model of an atom
(i) An whole atom consists of a positively charged sphere and the electrons are embedded in it,
(ii) The negative and positive charges are equal in magnitude. So the atom is electrically neutral
Question 6. On the basis of Rutherford’s model of an atom, which sub-atomic particle is present in the nucleus of an atom?
Answer: As per Rutherford’s model of an atom, the protons which are positively charged are present in the nucleus of an atom.
question 7 write two use of isotopes
(i) An isotope of iodine is used in the treatment of goitre.
(ii) An isotope of uranium is used as a fuel in nuclear reactors. or
(III) C-14 isotope Use in radiocarbon dating